Reações de hipersensibilidade a vacinas e imunização de pacientes com asma: recomendações conjuntas da Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia e da Sociedade Brasileira de Imunizações
Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines and immunization in patients with asthma: joint recommendations of the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology and the Brazilian Immunization Society
Ana Karolina Barreto Berselli Marinho; Claudia França Cavalcante Valente; Ekaterini Simões Goudoris; Anete Sevciovic Grumach; Fátima Rodrigues Fernandes; Claudia Leiko Yonekura Anagusko; Clarissa Morais Busatto Gerhardt; Gisele Feitosa Zuvanov Casado; Angelica Varela Rondon; Monica Araujo Álvares Silva; Ronney Corrêa Mendes; Antonio Paulo Costa Penido; Lorena de Castro Diniz; Bianca Noleto Ayres Guimarães; Ana Paula Neves Burian; Renato de Ávila Kfouri; Mônica Levi; Fabio Chigres Kuschnir
Resumo
Este artigo oferece informações e recomendações sobre reações de hipersensibilidade a vacinas e imunização de pacientes com asma. Apresenta-se uma análise das reações de hipersensibilidade imediata e tardia às vacinas, enfatizando a importância da avaliação cuidadosa dos antecedentes alérgicos do paciente e do uso de testes diagnósticos específicos para identificar sensibilizações. Discute-se ainda a aplicação de estratégias como a vacinação em doses fracionadas, visando minimizar o risco de reações alérgicas graves. O artigo também explora a segurança e a eficácia de vacinas recentes, como as para dengue, COVID-19, vírus sincicial respiratório recombinante e doenças pneumocócicas no contexto dos pacientes alérgicos, incluindo aqueles com asma. A imunização segura desse grupo de pacientes é essencial não apenas para a proteção individual, mas também para a saúde coletiva, prevenindo surtos de doenças infecciosas e aumentando a confiança nas campanhas de vacinação. As recomendações apresentadas nesta publicação foram adaptadas ao contexto brasileiro e ajustadas por consenso entre especialistas membros da Associação Brasileira de Alergia e Imunologia (ASBAI) e da Sociedade Brasileira de Imunizações (SBIm).
Palavras-chave
Abstract
This article provides information and recommendations on hypersensitivity reactions to vaccines and the immunization of patients with asthma. We present an analysis of both immediate and delayed reactions, emphasizing the importance of a thorough assessment of the patient's allergy history and the use of specific diagnostic tests to identify sensitizations. We also discuss strategies such as fractional dose vaccination, with the goal of minimizing the risk of severe allergic reactions. Finally, we explore the safety and effectiveness of new vaccines, including those for dengue infection, COVID-19, respiratory syncytial virus, and pneumococcal diseases, in the setting of hypersensitivity reactions and/or immunization of patients with asthma. Ensuring safe immunization for this group of patients is essential not only for individual protection but also for public health, by preventing outbreaks of infectious diseases and increasing confidence in vaccination programs.The recommendations presented here were adapted to the Brazilian context and developed by consensus among allergy and immunology experts from the Brazilian Association of Allergy and Immunology (ASBAI) and the Brazilian Immunization Society (SBIm).
Keywords
References
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Submitted date:
12/15/2024
Accepted date:
12/24/2024
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