Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
http://www.aaai.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.5935/2526-5393.20230041
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Comunicação Clínica e Experimental

Hipogamaglobulinemia e rituximabe: relato de casos

Hypogammaglobulinemia and rituximab: case reports

Márcio Niemeyer Souza; Luciana Costa Ribeiro; Raisa Gusso Ulaf; Thyago Alves Nunes2; Eli Mansour

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Resumo

As imunodeficiências secundárias podem ser uma consequência de neoplasias, infecções ou tratamentos imunossupressores. O rituximabe (RTX) é um anticorpo anti-CD20 que depleta os linfócitos B e pode induzir uma hipogamaglobulinemia sintomática. Aqui, relatamos três casos de hipogamaglobulinemia sintomática associada ao uso de RTX. Na primeira paciente com artrite reumatoide, o RTX induziu a baixos níveis de imunoglobulinas associadas a infecções de vias aéreas de repetição. Após a suspensão do RTX, houve normalização da resposta imune humoral. Os outros dois casos, com o uso de RTX para tratamento de linfoma não-Hodgkin e lúpus eritematoso sistêmico, respectivamente, as pacientes evoluíram com hipogamaglobulinemia secundária persistente, com necessidade de reposição de imunoglobulina por vários anos. Pacientes tratados com RTX podem apresentar, após a sua suspensão, uma recuperação rápida da função humoral ou permanecerem com baixos níveis séricos de imunoglobulinas por longos períodos. Com o crescente uso dos tratamentos direcionados para componentes do sistema imunológico, um alto grau de suspeição clínica para o aparecimento de imunodeficiências secundárias pode minimizar a morbimortalidade associada a estes tratamentos.

Palavras-chave

Rituximab, artrite reumatoide, antibioticoprofilaxia.

Abstract

Secondary immunodeficiency can result from neoplasms, infections, or immunosuppressive therapy. Rituximab (RTX) is an anti-CD20 antibody that depletes B lymphocytes and can induce symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia. We report 3 cases of symptomatic hypogammaglobulinemia associated with the use of RTX. In patient 1 with rheumatoid arthritis, RTX induced low levels of immunoglobulins and recurrent airway infections. RTX discontinuation led to a normalization of the humoral immune response. Patients 2 and 3, treated with RTX for non-Hodgkin lymphoma and systemic lupus erythematosus, respectively, developed persistent secondary hypogammaglobulinemia requiring immunoglobulin replacement therapy for years. After RTX discontinuation, patients may experience rapid recovery of humoral function or remain with low serum immunoglobulin levels for extended periods. With the increasing use of therapies targeting components of the immune system, a high degree of clinical suspicion for the development of secondary immunodeficiency may minimize the morbidity and mortality associated with these therapies.

Keywords

Rituximab, rheumatoid arthritis, antibiotic prophylaxis.

Referências

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Submetido em:
07/08/2023

Aceito em:
27/08/2023

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