Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
http://www.aaai.periodikos.com.br/article/doi/10.4322/2526-5393.26051327
Arquivos de Asma, Alergia e Imunologia
Carta ao Editor

What can thymic alterations tell us about autoimmunity?

O que as alterações tímicas nos contam sobre a autoimunidade?

Thayane Kelly Andrade dos Santos Cândido Herculano, Gabriel Terribile Teófilo, Maria Danielma Dos Santos Reis, Marvin Paulo Lins

Downloads: 0
Views: 16


Referências

1. Mendonça LO, Prado AI, Kalil J, Fonseca LAM, Castro FFM, Barros MT. Atualizando e expandindo o universo de: “Uma nova classe de doenças - doenças autoinflamatórias” [Updating and expanding the universe of: “A new class of diseases - autoinflammatory disorders”]. Arq Asma Alerg Imunol. 2021;5(1):51-5. https://doi.org/10.5935/2526-5393.20210010.

2. Castleman B, Norris EH. The pathology of the thymus in myasthenia gravis: a study of 35 cases. Medicine (Baltimore). 1949;28(1):27-58. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005792-194902000-00002. PMid:18115401. 

3. Chen P, Chen J, Huang H, Liu W. Conventional dendritic cells are more activated in the hyperplastic thymus of myasthenia gravis patients. J Neuroimmunol. 2024;395:578441. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2024.578441. PMid:39216158.

4. BioRender. [site na Internet]. 2025 [cited 2025 Feb 14]. BioRender.com

5. Balandina A, Lécart S, Dartevelle P, Saoudi A, Berrih-Aknin S. Functional defect of regulatory CD4(+)CD25+ T cells in the thymus of patients with autoimmune myasthenia gravis. Blood. 2005;105(2):735-41. https://doi.org/10.1182/blood-2003-11-3900. PMid:15454488.

6. Goldstein G, Mackay IR. The thymus in systemic lupus erythematosus: a quantitative histopathological analysis and comparison with stress involution. BMJ. 1967;2(5550):475-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.5550.475. PMid:6023966. 

7. Koetz K, Bryl E, Spickschen K, O’Fallon WM, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. T cell homeostasis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2000;97(16):9203-8. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.97.16.9203. PMid:10922071.

8. Minato H, Kinoshita E, Nakada S, Nojima T, Tanaka M, Usuda K et al. Thymic lymphoid hyperplasia with multilocular thymic cysts diagnosed before Sjögren syndrome diagnosis. Diagn Pathol. 2015;10(1):103. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13000-015-0332-y. PMid:26173602.

9. D’Andrea V, Meco G, Corvese F, Baselice PF, Ambrogi V. The role of the thymus in multiple sclerosis. Ital J Neurol Sci. 1989;10(1):43-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02333871. PMid:2784425.

10. Ramos TDP, Ventura ALM, Lemos JP, Chammas R, Savino W, Carvalho-Pinto CE et al. Altered galectin-3 distribution and migratory function in the pre-diabetic non-obese diabetic mouse thymus. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2024;15:1200935. https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2024.1200935. PMid:39483979.

11. Möhlmann JE, Ezzafzafi S, Lindemans CA, Jansen MHA, Nierkens S, Huitema ADR et al. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of systemic corticosteroids in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases: a review of current evidence. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2024;63(9):1251-70. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-024-01419-7. PMid:39264575.

12. Sarkkinen J, Dunkel J, Tuulasvaara A, Huuskonen A, Atula S, Kekäläinen E et al. Ectopic germinal centers in the thymus accurately predict prognosis of myasthenia gravis after thymectomy. Mod Pathol. 2022;35(9):1168-74. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41379-022-01070-2. PMid:35338262.

13. Bérczi B, Gerencsér G, Farkas N, Hegyi P, Veres G, Bajor J et al. Association between AIRE gene polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1):14096. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14375-z. PMid:29074995.

14. Deng Z, Law CS, Kurra S, Simchoni N, Shum AK. Activated STING in the thymic epithelium alters T cell development and selection leading to autoimmunity. J Clin Invest. 2025;135(17):e180252. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI180252. PMid:40569687.

15. Kooshesh KA, Foy BH, Sykes DB, Gustafsson K, Scadden DT. Health consequences of thymus removal in adults. N Engl J Med. 2023;389(5):406-17. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2302892. PMid:37530823.

16. Uyan Hendem D, Oluklu D, Menekse Beser D, Yildirim M, Tugrul Ersak D, Tanacan A et al. Evaluation of fetal thymus size in maternal autoimmune diseases: systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjögren’s syndrome and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2024;309(4):1421-7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00404-023-07035-3. PMid:37037914.


Submetido em:
12/02/2025

Aceito em:
25/03/2025

6a3d3762a953950ba1749939 aaai Articles
Links & Downloads

Arq Asma Alerg Imunol

Share this page
Page Sections